Ficus benghalensis: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer potential
Researchers have identified that Ficus benghalensis, known as the Indian banyan tree, possesses significant therapeutic properties. This study reviews evidence on its antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol) and terpenoids (ursolic acid), demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with low IC50 values in assays like DPPH and ABTS. Antimicrobial activity was observed in bark and leaf extracts, showing inhibition against various bacteria and fungi. Antidiabetic effects were attributed to inhibition of enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as well as activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed by inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2, while anticancer potential was evidenced by induction of apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Despite promising preclinical evidence, gaps remain in pharmacokinetics and clinical validation, suggesting that Ficus benghalensis may be a valuable candidate for the development of new drugs.

